Simple Proofreading Process with a Big Name Ratiocination - The Writers For Hire

SIMPLE PROOFREADING PROCESS WITH A BIG NAME: RATIOCINATION Thanks to Alise Isbell for contributing this wonderful post on a very interesting proofreading method. Youre bound to catch more errors if you do this! Ratiocination is a miracle that changed the way I write and edit. While not a professional writer, my company trains people how to write more effectively, and ratiocination helps. Webster’s Dictionary defines ratiocination as â€Å"the process of exact thinking† or â€Å"a reasoned train of thought.† Language is a vehicle, like a car. It has parts like suffixes, prefixes, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs etc†¦ People can rearrange the parts to function differently. For example, we slow down the reader with longer words or more complicated verb tenses. We can also speed up the reader by doing the opposite. The key to effective writing is tinkering with the right parts of language to get the desired results. Why does ratiocination get results? When proofreading, the process isolates grammar concepts and allows the writer to assess the parts instead of the whole piece. Writers use basic grammar concepts with this process to improve the effectiveness and impact of their message. How it works: The simple version†¦ 1. Select any piece of writing. 2. Choose a set of grammar concepts and a symbol or color for each concept to highlight these in the writing. Ideally, the grammar concepts should be common errors. (Examples include: their, there and they’re or it’s and its). 3. Code the writing for each grammar concept. For example, mark all the â€Å"that† words with red. The word â€Å"that† is used as a pronoun, but often overused as a conjunction (which lengthens sentences unnecessarily.) Analysis: 1. Too many prepositions 2. Unnecessary â€Å"that† 3. Sentence too long 4. Passive voice 5. Too many big words Revision: Because of the client’s proposal instructions, we will start documenting when engineers examine problems. This documentation will help us establish if new employees need more training. Change the grammar concepts to fit the purpose, weaknesses or bad habits you want to fix. Your writing will look like a paint-by-numbers, but the dissection leads to clear, concise and streamlined prose. Once you have highlighted each of the grammar concepts, it sets them apart from the writing, making language easier to evaluate. Alise Isbell, Owner Write Wise Communications, LLC We drive achievement with effective communication! 488 W. 19th St., #359 Houston, TX 77008 www.writewisecommunications.com (713) 863-9140 direct/fax (713) 557-6112 cellular Follow me on Twitter: amisbell

Free Essays on Minimal Spanning Tree Uses

Minimal Spanning Tree Paper Minimal spanning trees are extremely useful in today’s workplace. Having multiple uses makes a minimal spanning tree an optimal choice in many situations where objects need to be connected with electricity, or a power source. One situation which comes to mind first in which a minimal spanning tree would be optimal would be if an old building was only wired for dial-up internet and the president of the company, who owned the building, wanted his employees to be current in new technology. The president decides to install DSL lines and networking lines in order to connect all his employees, so that they can share files. The engineer in charge of the project would need to use a minimal spanning tree to save the maximum amount of money in connecting computers in one building together with wires for networking and DSL lines. One would want to use a minimal spanning tree in order to find the most inexpensive way to wire all computers to one network. The vertices in the problem would be the computers because that is what we would want to wire to the network and DSL lines. The edges would be the wires connecting each of the computers inside the building. The graph would be weighted by the price of cables and the amount of money the man-power costs to install the cables into the wall and to cosmetically fix the wall after installation. By using the afore mentioned vertices, edges, and weights the engineer in charge of the project would use the least monetary funds possible, thus completing his task.... Free Essays on Minimal Spanning Tree Uses Free Essays on Minimal Spanning Tree Uses Minimal Spanning Tree Paper Minimal spanning trees are extremely useful in today’s workplace. Having multiple uses makes a minimal spanning tree an optimal choice in many situations where objects need to be connected with electricity, or a power source. One situation which comes to mind first in which a minimal spanning tree would be optimal would be if an old building was only wired for dial-up internet and the president of the company, who owned the building, wanted his employees to be current in new technology. The president decides to install DSL lines and networking lines in order to connect all his employees, so that they can share files. The engineer in charge of the project would need to use a minimal spanning tree to save the maximum amount of money in connecting computers in one building together with wires for networking and DSL lines. One would want to use a minimal spanning tree in order to find the most inexpensive way to wire all computers to one network. The vertices in the problem would be the computers because that is what we would want to wire to the network and DSL lines. The edges would be the wires connecting each of the computers inside the building. The graph would be weighted by the price of cables and the amount of money the man-power costs to install the cables into the wall and to cosmetically fix the wall after installation. By using the afore mentioned vertices, edges, and weights the engineer in charge of the project would use the least monetary funds possible, thus completing his task....

Data Warehousing and data mining Research Paper

Data Warehousing and data mining - Research Paper Example Moreover, the increased data redundancy is further exacerbating the situation and the conversion of data into information, information into knowledge and knowledge in to power is very slow. This redundant and dubious information resource is of no good for managers who have to take quick decisions. Managers require precise information that represents and accounts for every aspect of a business. It is the responsibility of a decision support system to answer any query related to information stored in the system and to generate some nontrivial information patterns. These patterns can impart the required business intelligence and can leverage certain decisions. Data Warehouse There is no consensus on the definition of a data warehouse. In simplest terms, a data warehouse is a set of multiple applications, concepts, methodologies, tool and techniques to gain some knowledge based on historical data that may come from multiple systems and sources to assist managers in decision-making proces s. Vercellis (2009) defines â€Å"A data warehouse is the foremost repository for the data available for developing business intelligence architectures and decision support systems.† However, it is not a comprehensive definition and Vercellis (2009) himself admits, â€Å"The term data warehousing indicates the whole set of interrelated activities involved in designing, implementing and using a data warehouse.† Characteristics of a Data Warehouse There are few important characteristics of a data warehouse. These characteristics define the efficiency and effectiveness of the system and determine its qualification being a data warehouse. Most important characteristic of a data warehouse is the strength of its repository, which depends on the availability of sufficient historical and current data. The exact amount of historical and current data is determined by the domain where the data warehouse is being deployed. Secondly, a data warehouse has to provide ad-hoc access to information sources. This means there are only fewer fixed SQL queries and most of the inferences and intelligence is gathered through dynamic, on-the-fly queries. A data warehouse employs several tools like data modeling, star schema, data mining etc. to ensure ad-hoc access to its resources. Thirdly, a data warehouse is designed for decision makers and knowledge workers. However, these people are not bond to be information technology experts. Because strategic decisions are more concerned with customer trends, behaviors and market forces knowledge workers are not interested in individual records of a customer, product or service rather these users require an all inclusive big picture that may help to make long term strategic decisions and short term operational decisions. How it is different? A data warehouse is essentially different from Online Transaction Process (OLTP) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Resource Management (CRM) systems. Because these systems are not designed and engineered for decision-making and knowledge discovery, they do not have huge historical data. Secondly, they record live transactions of the business and keep records of customers, products and services updated. On the contrary, a data warehouse does not record live trans

INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS - Research Paper Example AVG is a world leader in software development, threat detection, threat detection and risk analysis. The company also invests in research and development and collaborates with leading universities in order to maintain its technology edge (Company Profile, 2012). The company is currently contemplating to issue an IPO (initial public offering) so that it can expand its global market. The company has two options as to which type of IPO the company should use. The company may decide to either use the traditional IPO or use the online auction. In this research essay, I will discuss the two types of IPO issues and look into lessons learned from the module one case. The traditional approach to getting capital has usually been the way to go for most companies seeking equity. However, with the advent of the internet and technology some start-ups are choosing to do online auction in an effort to seek capital. Both types of IPO have have their pro and cons. I will start by analyzing the traditi onal IPO method before embarking on online auction analysis. As I had earlier mentioned that, the traditional IPO method is the most common way of getting capital. The traditional method has some advantages and disadvantages. Regardless of the type of IPO used, the company issuing an IPO usually has several benefits. First, the company increases it capitalization, net worth, liquidity and prestige. However, the company has to abide by the rules and regulations of the SEC (Security and Exchange Commission) which is the body that oversees the registration of public companies in the U.S. Companies going public are required to disclose their financial statements to the public. This may negatively affect the company’s perception especially during the bear market and this may decrease a company’s stock price, lower its liquidity and capitalization. In order to have a successful IPO, a company needs to attract investors. Enough investors who will create large levels of capita lization that exceeds the amount that had been privately invested. In the traditional approach, companies conducting the IPO pitch to investors on investing in to their companies on road shows. These road shows usually target institutional investors. Institutional investors play a huge role in influencing small investor participation. Therefore, underwriting firms usually offer institutional investors discounted stock prices as what is termed as pre-IPO rates. The courtship of large institutions is crucial to the success of IPO offerings because it facilitates the participation of other investors in the market. In addition, it guarantees that the underwriting company gets a good stock price, which will determine the future value of the company as well as determine the capital collected. As far as the cost of going public are concerned, the traditional approach may at times prove to be costly. First, the company has to disclose financial and business information to potential investor s. The disclosure might be costly to the company considering that there is always competition in business. Therefore, the disclosure of such information may provide valuable information to the competitors. Second, the traditional method of issuing IPO may take anywhere from six months to two years. A lot of time and effort is put towards gathering the relevant information and putting things together. This distraction slows down the day-to-day operations of the company and engages the senior management in focusing

The Conflict Between the Client and the Building Contractor Research Paper

The Conflict Between the Client and the Building Contractor - Research Paper Example The completion date may be adjusted at the request of the client. In making such a request, however, the client has to give the contractor a twelve-week period to respond to the request. This condition may present either a challenge or advantage for the client, depending on the response obtained from the contractor. The pitfall that is evident in this scenario is; there is no assurance of the contractor being able to make such adjustments. In this particular project, the client desires to take ownership of the third and fifth floors before the indicated completion date. If the floors required were the initial ones, this proposition would seem likely. The client, however, seeks to occupy the middle and top-most floors. The challenge is as to how the building process will proceed once the client occupies these floors. To make it easier, the floors that would increase the feasibility of the proposition would be the bottom floors of the building. On the day scheduled for the building pro ject to commence, the contractors encounter a problem. The client has some materials blocking the main entrance to the site. According to the empowerment clause, the contractor can only issue instructions under his mandate. Going against this is an act indicating a breach of contract. The only way that it is possible for the contractor to order for these materials blocking the main entrance to the site is by consulting the Architect/ Contract Administrator (A/CA). The A/CA then issues instructions in writing allowing for the contractor to execute the instructions.

Structure, Physical Properties and Uses of Metals

Structure, Physical Properties and Uses of Metals Jason Thien FS Introduction Metals account for about two thirds of all the elements and about 24% of the mass of the planet. Metals have useful properties including strength, ductility, high melting points, thermal and electrical conductivity, and toughness. From the periodic table, it can be seen that a large number of the elements are classified as being a metal. Iron (Fe) The symbol for iron, Fe, comes from the Latin word Ferrum, and is one of the most useful elements in the world. Iron has: An atomic mass of 55.845 amu Melting point of 1535.0 degree Celsius Boiling point of 2750.0 degree celsius Electric configuration of [Ar] 3d6 4s2 Density of 7.86g/cm3 at 20 degree Celsius 26 number of electrons and protons and 30 neutrons Atomic structure of Iron Iron has a cubic crystal structure which is cubic body centered normally and it becomes cubic faced centered when heated up to between 1185K – 1667K. Uses of Iron Iron is the most used metal in the world due to being the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust in addition to having high strength. It is also due to this which makes Iron having a lower cost than most metals in proportion to usefulness. Iron is ductile, relatively soft and a moderately good conductor of heat and electricity. It is used to make many things from screwdrivers to machine parts and automobiles to hulls of large ships. Iron can also be made into many useful compounds such as Iron Chloride, Iron Sulfate, Iron Hydroxide and steel. Iron can also be easily magnetized and lose it’s magnetism easily, making it suitable for making the core of an electromagnet. Copper (Cu) Copper comes from the Latin word cyprium. Copper has: An atomic mass of 63.546 amu Melting point of 1083.0 degree Celsius Boiling point of 2567.0 degree Celsius Electric configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s1 Density of 8.96g/cm3 at 20 degree Celsius 29 number of electrons and neutrons and 35 neutrons Copper has a cubic-faced centered structure in it’s crystal form. Uses of copper Copper is malleable, ductile and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity with only Silver having a higher electrical conductivity than copper. As a result of it’s excellent electrical conductivity properties, it is commonly used in electrical equipments such as wirings and motors. Copper is also used in roofing, guttering and rainspouts on buildings due to it’s slow corrosion rate. Many commercially important alloys such as brass and bronze contains copper. Furthermore, it can be used for many useful compounds such as copper sulfate and copper oxide. Copper is also an essential element in our body to help enzymes produce energy in cells. Aluminium (Al) Aluminium comes from the latin word alumen. Aluminium has: An atomic mass of 26.981 amu Melting point of 660.37 degree Celsius Boiling point of 2467.0 degree Celsius Electric configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p1 Density of 2.702g/cm3 at 20 degree Celsius 13 number of electrons and neutrons and 14 neutrons Aluminium has a face-centered cubic structure in it’s crystal form. Uses of aluminium Aluminium is a silvery-white metal. It is non-magnetic and an excellent conductor. As a result of it’s low density, low cost, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, aluminium is widely used around the world. It can also be easily cast, machined and formed. It is the second most malleable and sixth most ductile metal. Due to these properties, it is extensively used to make airplanes, outside building decoration and in any area where a strong and light material is needed. It also has no aroma compared to many metals therefore it is used for food packaging and cooking utensils. Although not as good as copper, Aluminium is still a good conductor of electricity. Because of this and also that it is heaper and lighter it is commonly used to make overhead power cables. Gold (Au) The symbol for gold, Au, comes from the Latin word aurum. Gold has: An atomic mass of 196.96 amu Melting point of 1064.43 degree Celsius Boiling point of 2807.0 degree Celsius Electric configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 Density of 19.32g/cm3 at 20 degree Celsius 79 number of electrons and neutrons and 118 neutrons Gold has a lattice faced centered structure in it’s crystal form. Uses of gold It is a soft, yellow metal with a beautiful lustrous sheen. It is the most malleable and ductile of all the elements and a single gram can be beaten into a one square meter sheet of gold leaf. Gold is widely used in jewelry and coinage. It is also used in dental work as crowns, as gold platings for decoration and as gold thread in embroidery work. Nearly 80% of all recycled or mined gold is intended for ornamental use. Many satellites carry gold-covered mylar sheets as a solar heat shield because gold is an excellent reflector of radiation and is unreactive. Gold is also widely used in microelectric circuits to ensure reliable, corrosion-resistant and static-free performance. Mercury (Hg) The symbol for mercury, Hg, comes from the Latin word Hydrargyrum. Mercury exists in the liquid state at room temperature. Mercury has: An atomic mass of 200.59 amu Melting point of -38.87 degree Celsius Boiling point of 356.58 degree Celsius Electric configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 Density of 13.456g/cm3 at 20 degree Celsius 80 number of electrons and neutrons and 121 neutrons Mercury has a rhombohedral structure in it’s crystal form. Uses of Mercury Mercury is a dense, silvery-white, poisonous metal with a mirror like appearance. It is the only common metal to be in liquid state and evaporates slowly at room temperature. Mercury can readily form alloys (called amalgams) with other metals such as silver and gold. Since it does not react in iron, mercury is often stored in iron containers. Due to it’s high density, mercury is used in barometers and manometers. It is extensively used in thermometers thanks to it’s high rate of thermal expansion that is fairly constant over a wide temperature range. It’s ease with almagating with metals is made use of in extracting them from their ores. Mercury is widely used in advertising signs, mercury switches and other electrical apparatus. Various compounds of mercury are used in medicine, dentistry, cosmetics and also in agriculture to make fungicide. Platinum (Pt) The name Platinum comes from the Latin word Platina. Platinum has: An atomic mass of 195.078 amu Melting point of 1772.0 degree Celsius Boiling point of 3827 degree Celsius Electric configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 Density of 21.45g/cm3 at 20 degree Celsius 78 number of electrons and neutrons and 117 neutrons Platinum has a face centered cubic structure in it’s crystal form. Uses of Platinum Platinum is a precious metal; soft, silvery-white, and dense with a beautiful lustrous sheen. It is malleable and ductile and has a high melting point. Platinum does not oxidize in air even in high temperatures and is unaffected by common acids. Platinum is widely used as a catalyst for chemical reactions with the most important use in vehicles as a catalytic converter. Platinum is also used in jewelry, decoration and dental work. The metal and it’s alloys are also used for electrical contacts, fine resistance wires and medical/laboratory instruments. It can also be used to make electrodes sealed in glass. Bibliography http://www.usesof.net/ http://www.chemicalelements.com/index.html http://www.lookchem.com/ http://www.rsc.org/ http://www.lenntech.com/index.htm 1 | Page

Censorship Essay -- essays research papers fc

Censorship The freedom to read is essential to the democratic way of life. But today, that freedom is under attack. Private groups and public authorities everywhere are working to remove both books and periodicals from sale, to exclude certain books from public schools, to censor and silence magazines and newspapers, and to limit "controversial" books and periodicals to the general public. The suppression of reading materials is suppression of creative thought. Books and periodicals are not the only ones being suppressed by pressures to the political and social systems. They are also being brought against the educational system, films, radio, television, and against the graphic and theatre arts. However or whenever these attacks occur, they usually fall at least one of the following categories: Religion War & Peace (Violence) Sociology & Race Language Drugs Sex Inappropriate Adolescent Behaviour What is Obscenity? Clearly something hard to talk about constructively. "Obscenity" is difficult to discuss honestly. After all, what makes a thing obscene? It is Something too vague perhaps to be defined. It's an elusive term we use, but can't explain. Different people often see things differently. Some see obscenity in nude pictures, statues, paintings, etc. While others find less obscenity in these things. All the same, "obscene" isn't the same as "wrong" or "bad". Clearly obscenity is not identical with evil. It only covers a single segment of it. But what is that segment? A look at the words "obscenity" and "pornography" suggests that it is a segment that didn't worry people very much till relatively recently. Though censorship was known in english law quite early on, it wasn't for obscenity but for heresy and sedition."Undue" exploitation of sex" is what criminal law in Canada prohibits. This is how criminal law defines obscenity. But it is rather vague. It doesn't differentiate between "ordinary obscenity" and "hard-core pornography." The first denoting the ordinary run of "girlie magazines and the second denoting pictures , literature and so on that deal with rape, sadism, masochism, bestiality, necrophilia and other perversions. People tend to object far more to "hard-core pornography." Another distinction unfortunately overlo... ...m that mainly frowns upon the violence against women. There should indeed be access to most types of literature, but in varying degrees of freedom, determined not by censorship, but by controlled access. Parents are trying to protect their children from the harsh realities of life, but are they really helping, or hindering? Bibliography The Censorship Iceberg: The results of a survey of challenges in school and public libraries. By Dr. David Jenkins. School Libraries in Canada. Fall, 1985. v.6 n.1 p19-22 Sanitized textbooks reflect a pious paradise that never was. By June Callwood. The Globe and Mail. March 18, 1987. pA2-A3 Suffer the little children. By Janet Collins. Books in Canada. October 1991. v.20 n.7 p25-27 Court bans 'humanist' books from Alabama public schools. By Robin Toner. The Globe and Mail. March 5, 1987. pA10 Censorship in the children's library. By Rupert Colley. The Junior Bookshelf. June 1990. v.54 n.3 p121-123 Censorship News. Spring 1985. n20 Limits of criminal law - obscenity: a test case. By The Law Reform Commission: working paper no. 10. p7-9 Censorship: stopping the book banners. By the book and periodical development council. August 1988. p1-17

Asthma Case Study

University of Perpetual Help System – DALTA Alabang – Zapote Road, Pamplona, Las Pinas City College of Nursing A Case Study of Bronchial Asthma In Acute Exacerbation (BAIAE) Submitted by: Angela Marie Ferrer BSN 3B July 17, 2012 Definition A condition of the lungs characterized by widespread narrowing of the airways due to spasm of the smooth muscle, edema of the mucosa, and the presence of mucus in the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles.Bronchial asthma is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder with increased responsiveness of tracheobroncheal tree to various stimuli, resulting in paroxysmal contraction of bronchial airways which changes in severity over short periods of time, either spontaneously or under treatment. Causes Allergy is the strongest predisposing factor for asthma. Chronic exposure to airway irritants or allergens can be seasonal such as grass, tree and weed pollens or perennial under this are the molds, dust and roaches.Common triggers of asthma sy mptoms and exacerbations include air way irritants like air pollutant, cold, heat, weather changes, strong odors and perfumes. Other contributing factor would include exercise, stress or emotional upset, sinusitis with post nasal drip, medications and viral respiratory tract infections. Most people who have asthma are sensitive to a variety of triggers.A person’s asthma changes depending on the environment activities, management practices and other factor. Factors that can contribute to asthma or airway hyperreactivity may include any of the following: * Environmental allergens: House dust mites, animal allergens (especially cat and dog), cockroach allergens, and fungi are most commonly reported. * Viral respiratory tract infections * Exercise; hyperventilation * Gastroesophageal reflux disease * Chronic sinusitis or rhinitis Aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity, sulfite sensitivity * Use of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (including ophth almic preparations) * Obesity: Based on a prospective cohort study of 86,000 patients, those with an elevated body mass index are more likely to have asthma. * Environmental pollutants, tobacco smoke * Occupational exposure * Irritants (eg, household sprays, paint fumes) * Various high and low molecular weight compounds: A variety of high and low molecular weight compounds are associated with the development of occupational asthma, such as insects, plants, latex, gums, diisocyanates, anhydrides, wood dust * Emotional factors or stress * Perinatal factors: Prematurity and increased maternal age increase the risk for asthma * Breastfeeding has not been definitely shown to be protective. * Both maternal smoking and prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke also increase the risk of developing asthma Clinical ManifestationThe three most common symptoms of asthma are cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. In some instances cough may be the only symptoms. An asthma attack often occurs at night or early i n the morning, possibly because circadian variations that influence airway receptors thresholds. An asthma exacerbation may begin abruptly but most frequently is preceded by increasing symptoms over the previous few days. There is cough, with or without mucus production. At times the mucus is so tightly wedged in the narrow airway that the patient cannot cough it up.Prevention Patient with recurrent asthma should undergo test to identify the substance that participate the symptoms. Patients are instructed to avoid the causative agents whenever possible. Knowledge is the key to quality asthma care. Medical Management There are two general process of asthma medication: quick relief medication for immediate treatment of asthma symptoms and exacerbations and long acting medication to achieve and maintain control and persistent asthma.Because of underlying pathology of asthma is inflammation, control of persistent asthma is accomplish primarily with the regular use of anti inflammatory m edications. * Long-acting control Medication Corticosteroid are the most potent and effective anti inflammatory currently available. They are broadly effective in alleviating symptoms, improving air way functions, and decreasing peak flow variability. Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil are mild to be moderate anti-inflammatory agents that are use more commonly in children.They also are effective on a prophylactic basis to prevent exercise-induced asthma or unavoidable exposure to known triggers. These medications are contraindicated in acute asthma exacerbation. `Long acting beta-adrenergic agonist is use with anti-inflammatory medications to control asthma symptoms, particularly those that occur during the night these agents are also effective in the prevention of exercise-induced asthma. * Quick relief medication Short acting beta adrenergic agonists are the medications of choice for relief of acute symptoms and prevention of exercise-induced asthma.They have the rapid onset of acton. Anti-cholinergic may have an added benefit in severe exacerbations of asthma but they are use more frequently in COPD. Nursing Management The main focus of nursing management is to actively assess the air way and the patient response to treatment. The immediate nursing care of patient with asthma depends on the severity of the symptoms. A calm approach is an important aspect of care especially for anxious client and one’s family. This requires a partnership between the patient and the health care providers to determine the desire outcome and to formulate a plan which include; * the purpose and action of each medication * trigger to avoid and how to do so * when to seek assistance the nature of asthma as chronic inflammatory disease Anatomy and Physiology The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and epiglottis. The lower respiratory tract consist of the bronchi, bronchioles and the lungs.The major function of the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to arterial blood and remove carbon dioxide from venous blood, a process known as gas exchange. The normal gas exchange depends on three process: * Ventilation – is movement of gases from the atmosphere into and out of the lungs. This is accomplished through the mechanical acts of inspiration and expiration. * Diffusion – is a movement of inhaled gases in the alveoli and across the alveolar capillary membrane * Perfusion – is movement of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the tissues.Control of gas exchange – involves neural and chemical process The neural system, composed of three parts located in the pons, medulla and spinal cord, coordinates respiratory rhythm and regulates the depth of respirations The chemical processes perform several vital functions such as: * regulating alveolar ventilation by maintaining normal blood gas tension * guarding against hypercapnia (excessive CO2 in the blood) as well as hypoxia (reduced tissue oxy genation caused by decreased arterial oxygen [PaO2]. An increase in arterial CO2 (PaCO2) stimulates ventilation; conversely, a decrease in PaCO2 inhibits ventilation. helping to maintain respirations (through peripheral chemoreceptors) when hypoxia occurs. The normal functions of respiration O2 and CO2 tension and chemoreceptors are similar in children and adults. however, children respond differently than adults to respiratory disturbances; major areas of difference include: * Poor tolerance of nasal congestion, especially in infants who are obligatory nose breathers up to 4 months of age * Increased susceptibility to ear infection due to shorter, broader, and more horizontally positioned eustachian tubes. Increased severity or respiratory symptoms due to smaller airway diameters * A total body response to respiratory infection, with such symptoms as fever, vomiting and diarrhea. Diagnostic procedures: * General Physical Examination * Skin: * Observe for the presence of atopic derm atitis, eczema, or other manifestations of allergic skin conditions * Evidence of respiratory distress manifests as * increased respiratory rate, * increased heart rate, * diaphoresis, and * use of accessory muscles of respiration. * Marked weight loss or severe wasting may indicate severe emphysema. * Pulsus paradoxus: * This is an exaggerated fall in systolic blood pressure during inspiration and may occur during an acute asthma exacerbation. * Depressed sensorium: * This finding suggests a more severe asthma exacerbation with impending respiratory failure. * Chest Examination * End-expiratory wheezing or a prolonged expiratory phase is found most commonly, although inspiratory wheezing can be heard. * Diminished breath sounds and chest hyperinflation (especially in children)  may be observed during acute asthma exacerbations. The presence of inspiratory wheezing or stridor may prompt an evaluation for an upper airway obstruction such as vocal cord dysfunction, vocal cord paraly sis, thyroid enlargement, or a soft tissue mass (eg, malignant tumor). * Differential Diagnoses * Airway Foreign Body Heart Failure Allergic and Environmental Asthma Pulmonary Embolism Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Pulmonary Eosinophilia Aspergillosis Sarcoidosis Bronchiectasis Sinusitis, Chronic * Bronchiolitis Tracheomalacia COPD URTI Churg-Strauss Syndrome Vocal Cord Dysfunction Cystic Fibrosis Foreign Body Aspiration Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Laboratory Studies * Blood eosinophilia greater than 4% or 300-400/ µL * Eosinophil counts greater than 8% may be observed in patients with concomitant atopic dermatitis. * This finding should prompt an evaluation for allergic  bronchopulmonary aspergillosis,  Churg-Strauss syndrome, or  eosinophilic pneumonia * Total serum immunoglobulin E levels greater than 100 IU are frequently observed in patients experiencing allergic reactions, but this finding is not specific for asthma * British Thoracic Society recommends using sputu m eosinophilia determinations to guide therapy Imaging Studies In most patients with asthma, chest radiography findings are normal or may indicate hyperinflation. * Chest radiography should be considered in all patients being evaluated for asthma to exclude other diagnoses. * Sinus CT scanning may be useful to help exclude acute or chronic sinusitis as a contributing factor.. Pulmonary function testing (spirometry) * Spirometry assessments  should be obtained as the primary test to establish the asthma diagnosis. * Spirometry should be performed prior o initiating treatment in order to establish the presence and determine the severity of baseline airway obstruction. * The assessment and diagnosis of asthma cannot be based on spirometry findings alone because many other diseases are associated with obstructive spirometry indices. * Spirometry measures the forced vital capacity (FVC), the maximal amount of air expired from the point of maximal inhalation, and the FEV1. A reduced rat io of FEV1 to FVC, when compared with predicted values, demonstrates the presence of airway obstruction. Optimally, the initial spirometry should also include  measurements before and after inhalation of a short-acting bronchodilator in all patients in whom the diagnosis of asthma is considered. * Reversibility is demonstrated by an increase of 12%  and 200 mL after the administration of a short-acting bronchodilator Methacholine- or histamine-challenge testing * Bronchoprovocation testing with either methacholine or histamine is useful when spirometry findings are normal or near normal, especially in patients with intermittent or exercise-induced asthma symptoms. Bronchoprovocation testing helps determine if airway hyperreactivity is present, and a negative test result usually excludes the diagnosis of asthma. * Methacholine is administered in incremental doses up to a maximum dose of 16 mg/mL, and a 20% decrease in FEV1, up to the 4 mg/mL level, is considered a positive test r esult for the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Peak-flow monitoring * Peak-flow monitoring is designed for ongoing monitoring of patients with asthma because the test is simple to perform and the results are a quantitative and reproducible measure of airflow obstruction. It can be used for short-term monitoring, exacerbation management, and daily long-term monitoring. * Peak-flow monitoring should not be used as a substitute for spirometry to establish the initial diagnosis of asthma. * Results can be used to determine the severity of an exacerbation and to help guide therapeutic decisions as part of an asthma action plan. Exercise testing * Testing involves 6-10 minutes of strenuous exertion at 85-90% of predicted maximal heart rate and measurement of postexercise spirometry for 15-30 minutes. The defined cutoff for a positive test result is a 15% decrease in FEV1 after exercise. Eucapnic hyperventilation * Eucapnic hyperventilation with either cold or dry air is an alter nate method of bronchoprovocation testing. * It has been used to evaluate patients for exercise-induced asthma and has been shown to produce results similar to those of methacholine-challenge asthma testing. I. LABORATORY WORKS NAME OF TEST| NORMALVALUE| RESULTS| SIGNIFICANCE| Complete Blood CountPurpose: CBC is ordered to aid in the detection of anemias; hydration status; and as part of routine hospital admission test.The differential WBC is necessary for determining the type of infection. | RBC: 4-6 x 10/LHct: 0. 37- 0. 47Hgb: 110- 160 gm/LWBC: 5-10 x 10 /LLymphocytes:0. 25-0. 35Segmenters: 0. 50-0. 65Eosinophil: 0. 01-0. 06| 5. 480. 481598. 20. 250. 580. 07| Increased segmenters (mature neutrophils) reflect a bacterial infection since this are the body’s first line of defense against acute bacterial invasion. Lymphocytes are decreased during early acute bacterial infection and only increase late in bacterial infections but continue to function during the chronic phase. | I I. DRUG STUDYName of the drug | Classification | Dosage/ Frequency | Route | Mechanism of Action | Indication | Nursing Responsibilities | Generic name:Duavent ( ipratropium salbutamol) Brand name:DuaNeb | Salbutamol Sulfate| Nebule q 1 hour| Oral nebulization | The combination of ipratropium and albuterol is used to prevent wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and coughing. | Management of reversible bronchospasms associated with obstructive airway diseases, bronchial asthma| Take care to ensure that the nebulizer mask fits the user's face properly and that nebulized solution does not escape into the eyes. * Evaluate therapeutic response. |

Importance of Roleplay in Teaching English

http://busyteacher. org/7371-10-roleplay-ideas-for-general-english. html Role plays are an excellent way of getting your students to practise their English. They simulate real life situations and allow them to act out what they would do in a real situation. There are two ways a role play can go: scripted and non-scripted. With a scripted role play, the teacher might use an example in a text book. This is a good idea for a warm up exercise, by getting everyone to split up into pairs and allow them to speak to their partner, taking on different roles.Non-scripted ones are when students are given a role each and must use whatever knowledge they have in order to speak with that partner. Below is a list of ideas for a general English class. This can be adapted to suit a situation. Try These Fresh Role Play Activities With Your Class 1 Telephone Conversation Speaking on the phone is different to a face-to-face conversation because one relies solely on language to communicate. Get the stude nts who are practicing to sit back to back in order for this to work properly. There is a whole range of ideas which one can use to act this out.Examples include: phoning to make a complaint, speaking to a friend or inquiring about a job position. 2 Going to the Shop A great one for younger learners as it will teach them the basics of interacting with people. Children generally rely on their parents to buy things for them, therefore this will boost their overall general confidence in buying. It can be as simple or as complex as one wishes, depending on the situation. Key phrases are often important here, such as â€Å"I would like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"How much are†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Good morning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and so forth. 3 Booking a Hotel This will allow students to practise a specific type of language.Usually this will be formal language as it is a business conversation. This can also be done in the format of a telephone conversation, or it could be someone approaching a text. There is a wide range of opportunity here for the students to learn new forms of vocabulary. 4 Sharing Opinions Choose a topic that everyone appears to be interested in. Get the students to pair up and give them a list of questions to follow (for example, see our ‘130 Topics for Discussion (more than 2000 questions) For Any Level’). This will allow them to come up with their own phrases and use language in a much more practical way. Job Interview Work is usually a good topic to begin with when teaching adults. Many are learning English in order to improve their career prospects. As a result, a job interview role play is an excellent way to get the class learning that all important material. Again, this can be scripted or non-scripted. A good idea would be to have the interviewer have a list of set questions, and the students can take it from there. 6 Getting Everyone to Speak A traditional method is to ask the class to pair off. Of course, one cannot monitor every stud ent particularly if the class is quite large.Therefore, it is important to make sure everyone is speaking and getting the most out of the language they know. If one has time, have each individual group come up to the top of the class and speak in front of everyone else. This will allow people to use their language more creatively. 7 Argument Between Neighbours Again, this is a new opportunity for learning different types of vocabulary. This could be between two neighbours who are having an argument. Perhaps one plays music too loudly in the middle of the night and is disturbing the rest of the apartment block.This can be as absurd or ridiculous as the students’ want, as long as they are speaking and using the language correctly. Some of the situations thought up can be quite amusing. See some suggested situations here: â€Å"Neighbour Problems Role Play†. 8 Body Language Body language is just as important as spoken language, so in their role plays try and let the stude nts get into the role. Of course, one does not have to be an expert at acting but it is important for them to get a feel of the flow of the conversation. Using body language effectively will allow them to become a lot more in tune with the language they are using. Debate Debates are a brilliant way of encouraging language use. This is because they can become somewhat heated, and many new words can come up. It is important to choose a topic which might not be too controversial to some students. Remember to be sensitive to their age group and the general attitude of the particular country. Divide the class into two sides and give them each a side of an argument to defend. 10 Have Fun When it comes to role plays, it is all about the creative use of language. The student must put what they know to the test.This doesn’t mean they have to list off a boring dialogue. Allow them to be as creative as they can. Put them into challenging situations, and this will allow them to think of new ways of saying things. Role plays can work as a great ice breaker for the beginning of the class. Always remember to be sensitive to any particular issues at the time, however, and be wary of the students’ age. Usually, the likes of filing a complaint will not really be of interest to children. Once the students are having fun and speaking English, there are no limits to their own learning!

Free Essays on Webmaster Interview

I. Job Description A. As a web page designer is your job the creation of web pages and images or does your current job involve more than that? 1. What programs do you use to develop the pages? 2. Do you alternate ways to design? B. The internet keeps evolving as we speak, though so far HTML has been the standard format for web design, are you currently using a more advanced version? 1. Do you think it’s useful to train in it now as a college student? 2. If so, do you think it be outdated by my graduation time? C. According to the Career Outlook Handbook web designer need some Script and UNIX knowledge aside from the basic HTML, how often do you use these programs? 1. Was training provided for these programs at work? 2. Do these program make web design trouble-free? II. Entrance Requirement and Training A. College education is known to be the best training for most career fields, is this true in the field of web design since it is such a fast paced field? 1. Do you think that a technical school or ongoing workshops is a better way to train? 2. Instead of college would you consider self-training? B. Unlike some other jobs, curriculum is not the a major requirement to obtaining a web designing job, what were the essentials while you were seeking for a job in this field? 1. When going for the job, did you present a portfolio? 2. What are the pros and cons of a college education in the field? C. Who do you think would be most likely to get a job in the field right now, as we speak, someone with a college degree in a computer related field, or someone with past experience and a vast portfolio? 1. What type of work would be clever to have in a portfolio? 2. Do you think a portfolio is the number one priority for this job? III. Work Environment A. It has been reported by the US Department of Labor that most web designers are self employed, few are employed by big corporate businesses, which work environ... Free Essays on Webmaster Interview Free Essays on Webmaster Interview I. Job Description A. As a web page designer is your job the creation of web pages and images or does your current job involve more than that? 1. What programs do you use to develop the pages? 2. Do you alternate ways to design? B. The internet keeps evolving as we speak, though so far HTML has been the standard format for web design, are you currently using a more advanced version? 1. Do you think it’s useful to train in it now as a college student? 2. If so, do you think it be outdated by my graduation time? C. According to the Career Outlook Handbook web designer need some Script and UNIX knowledge aside from the basic HTML, how often do you use these programs? 1. Was training provided for these programs at work? 2. Do these program make web design trouble-free? II. Entrance Requirement and Training A. College education is known to be the best training for most career fields, is this true in the field of web design since it is such a fast paced field? 1. Do you think that a technical school or ongoing workshops is a better way to train? 2. Instead of college would you consider self-training? B. Unlike some other jobs, curriculum is not the a major requirement to obtaining a web designing job, what were the essentials while you were seeking for a job in this field? 1. When going for the job, did you present a portfolio? 2. What are the pros and cons of a college education in the field? C. Who do you think would be most likely to get a job in the field right now, as we speak, someone with a college degree in a computer related field, or someone with past experience and a vast portfolio? 1. What type of work would be clever to have in a portfolio? 2. Do you think a portfolio is the number one priority for this job? III. Work Environment A. It has been reported by the US Department of Labor that most web designers are self employed, few are employed by big corporate businesses, which work environ...

What is happiness to you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is happiness to you - Essay Example onio Rangel in 2008, money increases happiness as the people with a higher expense and expenditure lived a more happy life as compared to those who wanted to save cost. The group taking expensive wine was happier compared to the group taking less expensive wine. This means that happiness is all about money and if one spends more on someone they care for, they will be happy. Most people treasure good and expensive things that can only be bought with money in the materialistic world we live in today. There are some many destitute families in the world mostly in the developing countries, through charity these families can be helped using money thus making them happy. Happiness is based on what one acquires and achieves, hence money is happiness as it enables people acquire what they want. In addition, happiness can be hinged on having good relationship with members of the family and the community as well. Family is a main contributing factor for one to be happy, as through the it, one is able to get solace in times of grief. Family provides some form of emotional support to each other thus contributing towards one’s happiness. Through family come together, there is a lot of sharing among family members which leads to happiness. Through sharing about past experiences, members of the family are able to reminisce about good memories they shared at earlier stages of life. This feeling provides happiness as they tend to reflect how their past had been hence forgetting current bad happenings hence emotional satisfaction and happiness (Lulu, 116). Conventional implicit policy to my assumption has a strong relationship between happiness and family through equation with social well-being. The importance of additional family policy has an indication well-being emotionally in a state of happiness in connection to families at the level of psychology hence provide a better comprehensive understanding of a person’s well happiness and well-being. Family relations to me seem to

Position Paper - Vygotsky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Position Paper - Vygotsky - Essay Example This concept is based on the idea that â€Å"cultural inheritance is carried in the meanings of artifacts and practices. Resources of knowledge and skill brought to a situation depend upon the past participation of the individual within the culture. Resources are dependent upon culture, also the stage of human development† (Golbfarb, 2000). In discovering how people learn and develop, Vygotsky suggested that children develop and gain control of their thought processes through the use of artifacts, one of the most important being the artifact of language, becoming increasingly able to incorporate their potential into inherent ability through zones of proximal development. This development takes place through various means, one of the most important being creative imitation of others. A second important means through which children develop control over their mental processes is through play and interaction with others. These theories have significant impacts upon how best to ins truct students attempting to learn a second language and attain some degree of mastery. To understand how this might be so, it is necessary to understand the importance of language in formulating thought and definition which is itself essential in bridging zones of proximal development (ZPD) to formulate true and lasting learning and development. One of the fundamental building blocks to Vygotsky’s theory is contained in the concept that individuals are only able to gain control over their naturally biologically endowed brains through the power of social and cultural means. â€Å"Thus, there is a tension, or as Vygotsky characterized it, ‘a drama’, between our natural inheritance and our sociocultural inheritance, and it is in this drama that we develop† (Lantolf, 2003: 350). The primary means of this mediation between the biological and the social or cultural is through the media of symbolic artifacts. In other words, humans understand the world around